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Thyroid neoplasm is a neoplasm or tumor of the thyroid. It can be a benign tumor such as thyroid adenoma,〔Chapter 20 in: 8th edition.〕 or it can be a malignant neoplasm (thyroid cancer), such as papillary, follicular, medullary or anaplastic thyroid cancer.〔Hu MI, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Lustig R, Lamont JP. ("Thyroid and Parathyroid Cancers" ) in Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ (Eds) (Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach ). 11 ed. 2008.〕 Most patients are 25 to 65 years of age when first diagnosed; women are more affected than men.〔〔Al-Zaher N, Al-Salam S, El Teraifi H. Thyroid carcinoma in the United Arab Emirates: perspectives and experience of a tertiary care hospital. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2008;1:14-21. ("Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy" )〕 The estimated number of new cases of thyroid cancer in the United States in 2010 is 44670 compared to only 1690 deaths.〔National Cancer Institute. ''What You Need to Know About Thyroid Cancer'' National Cancer Institute, 2010.Print〕 Of all thyroid nodules discovered, only about 5 percent are cancerous, and under 3 percent of those result in fatalities. ==Diagnosis== The first step in diagnosing a thyroid neoplasm is a physical exam of the neck area. If any abnormalities exist, a doctor needs to be consulted. A family doctor may conduct blood tests, an ultrasound, and nuclear scan as steps to a diagnosis. The results from these tests are then read by an endocrinologist who will determine what problems the thyroid has. Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are two conditions that often arise from an abnormally functioning thyroid gland. These occur when the thyroid is producing too much or too little thyroid hormone respectively.〔 Thyroid nodules are a major presentation of thyroid neoplasms, and are diagnosed by ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (USG/FNA) or frequently by thyroidectomy (surgical removal and subsequent histological examination). FNA is the most cost-effective and accurate method of obtaining a biopsy sample.〔Schmitt, Fernando. "Thyroid Cytology: Is FNA Still The Best Diagnostic Approach?"''International Journal of Surgical Pathology'',June 2010,vol 18, p.201-204.〕 As thyroid cancer can take up iodine, radioactive iodine is commonly used to treat thyroid carcinomas, followed by TSH suppression by high-dose thyroxine therapy. Nodules are of particular concern when they are found in those under the age of 20. The presentation of benign nodules at this age is less likely, and thus the potential for malignancy is far greater. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「thyroid neoplasm」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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